Effect of Unethical Behavior Article Analysis Essay Example for Free

Effect of Unethical Behavior Article Analysis EssayThe Sarbanes-Oxley Act, passed in congress in 2002 is designed to protect investors from the potence of fraudulent corporate accounting activities. This act strictly mandates reform, aimed directly to prevent fraud and improve corporate financial disclosures (INVESTOPEDIA, 2012).As a result of some(prenominal) confidence shaking investor accounting scandals that occurred during the late 90s which involved high profile corporations such as Enron, WorldCom and Tyco, a much required overhaul regarding financial statements and restrictive standards laid the foundation for the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. This act is making the accounting world more accessible to others for auditors to come in and help in checking the books. It will hold the executives and directors accountable for the internal controls of the partnership especially with the threat of imprisonment if the internal controls are not maintained.The act ensures that a checks an d balance internal auditing of the accounting cycle for the company and investors to keep their assets in check. The role of internal audits is to ensure that Institute of Internal Auditors Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing Standard 300 cathode-ray oscilloscope of Work be followed. The scope of the internal audit should encompass the examination and evaluation of the adequacy and effectiveness of the organizations system of internal control and the quality of action in carrying out assigned responsibilities (M. Wood Company, 2012).The internal audit standards are to review the dependability and integrity of financial and operating information and the resource beingness used to identify measure and classify those reports. The standard requires the system be reviewed to ensure compliance with those policies, plans, procedure, laws and regulations which may have a huge impact on operations and reporting. The standard is used to review the methods in place to safeguarding assets and verify that the assets protected exist. The final purpose of the standard is to appraise the economy and the efficiency with the government agency that are employed by a corporation.It is important to note that policies and rules are also enforced to uphold the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Sections 302, 401, 404 and 805 in particular address key requirements as it pertains to effecting financial statements. Section 302 requires senior managers to certify the accuracy of the reports along with establishing internal controls are set in place for the purpose of increasing report accuracy, ensuring honesty and ultimately providing financial protection for the investors.Section 401 ensures that statements may not contain fraudulent information. Section 404 provides for the necessary rules for annual reporting as well as addresses management auditing structures. Lastly, section 805 provides the guidelines for federal sentencing relating to criminal fraud and obstructio n of justice. (Hazels, Nov/Dec) A very important question that should be asked is how well main stream the States understands the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and how it has effected them? Another pressing area to uncover is how it has affected the US economy over the past ten years? Lastly, it would be enkindle to understand how US companies interface globally with countries not held to the same standards.ReferencesHazels, B. (Nov/Dec 2010). Eight Years After The Fact Is SOX Working? A Look At The Brooke Corporation. Journal of Business Case Studies, 6(6.6), 19-29. Invesotopedia. (2012). Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002 SOX. Retrieved from http//www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sarbanesoxleyact.aspaxzz2BCoqABsQ M. Wood Company. (2012, November 1). The role of Internal Audit in Complying with Sarbanes- Oxley. Retrieved from http//www.mwoodco.com/value/Internal_Audit_7-03.pdf

Charles Dickens presentation Essay Example for Free

Charles Dickens presentation EssayDo you feel that Charles Dickens presentation of Joe Gargery makes him seem on balance a foolish person or someone worthy of our respect? In Great Expectations, Joe Gargery comes into the novel many times. Sometimes he is depicted as a very foolish person but other times he real is quite clever and worthy of our respect. At the opening of the novel, he seems foolish in the sense that he is a very simple man and does nothing to hide it. When kill is reading him a letter, Joe remarks Why, heres a J, said Joe, and a O equal to anythinkHeres a J and a O, rack up, and a J-O, Joe. billet carries on by saying I had never comprehend Joe read aloud to any great extent than this monosyllable, and I had observed at church last Sunday when I accidentally held our Prayer-Book upside down, that it seemed to fit his convenience quite as well as if it had been all right. There are many more examples of his foolishness but there is one weighty poin t that must be included to understand why Joe puts up with Mrs Joes nagging the whole time.He tells dapple about how his father beat his female parent and him constantly and he hammered at me with such a wigour only to be equalled by the wigour with which he didnt hammer at his anwil. Youre a listening and understanding, Pip? He then reveals that Mrs Joe doesnt similar scholarly people in her house And she aint everywhere partial to having scholars on the premises Joe continued, and in partickler would not be over partial to my being a scholar, for fear as I might rise. Like a pick out of rebel, dont you see? In this there is a deport sign that Joe doesnt want any disharmony in his house and he doesnt want to treat his wife like his dad treated his mum. So for this lawsuit he puts up with Mrs Joe knocking his brain for a little while against the wall behind him when he steps out of line. For this reason, it seems we must respect him as someone who learns not from his mis takes, but other peoples. There are times in the novel, where Joe seems to be acting really stupidly but is in event being proud.The first time this crops up is when Joe and Pip go to Satis House to talk to Miss Havisham. Joe, to Pips untunement, refuses to talk to Pip as though Miss Havisham is not there Pip, returned Joe, cutting me short as if he was hurt, which I meantersay that were not a question requiring a answer betwixt yourself and me, and which you know the answer to be full well No. You know it to be No, Pip, and wherefore should I say it? Miss Havisham has just asked Joe a question and it is strange that he addresses Pip instead.Pip after becoming a gentleman, is very snobbish and looks down on Joe. For this reason Joe tries to act very upper class and tries not to embarrass Pip in front of his friends. Since you are so kind as make chice of c onwardee, I will not run contrairy to your own opinions. He calls Pip Sir many times and at one point Pip says Joe, I interr upted, pettishly, how can you call me Sir? However even after this scene which Joe looks foolish, he actually regains his dignity Joe looked at me for a single instant with something faintly like reproach.Utterly preposterous as his cravat was, and as his collars were, I was conscious of a sort of dignity in the look. Here we have two contrasting statements. Pip tells us that Joe looks extremely foolish in his cravat and collar but under the foolishness is someone who is extremely dignified. Not many people are like that especially when their son, has just rebuked them for addressing them wrongly. The next time Joes dignity really shines through is when he leaves Pip on page 222. He knows he looks stupid in the clothes because and says so Im wrong in these clothes.Im wrong out of the forge, the kitchen, or off th meshes Im awfully dull, but I hope Ive beat out something nigh the rights of this at last The terrible thing is, is that Joe knows Pip looks down on him and is ashamed of him. He says You wont find half so much fault in me if you think of me in my forge dress, with my hammer in my hand, or even my pipe. You wont find half as much fault in me if, supposing as you should ever wish to see me, you come and put your head in at the forge winder He knows Pip looks down on him and is embarrassed about him, he feels sorry for Pip and blames it on himself. This is a very honourable thing to do and definitely makes us show respect for him. We see other characters from different pieces of literature placed in homogeneous situations and act very differently and with less patience. For example Eddie Carbone in A View for the Bridge. When Pip becomes ill, due to a number of things severe burning, a actors line with Orlick and Provis becoming captured, Joe comes to visit him and looks after him.Joe doesnt want to fall into embarrassing Pip again. Due to Pips earlier disrespect towards Joe, Joe is less easy with Pip. But, imperceptibly, though I held them fast, Joes chequer upon them began to slacken and whereas, I wondered at this at first, I soon began to understand that the cause of it was in me, and that the fault of it was all mine. Joe has regained his dignity so instead of acquire emotionally close to Pip, he draws himself away from him as soon as he senses he is getting stronger.Joe, earlier on is obviously trying to be active Pip by learning to write and Pip starts crying because he sees the pride with which Joe has written the letter to him. Pip is very lucky to have an uncle like Joe because Joe is an excellent person. On the surface he seems to be foolish but underneath he is a pure and righteous man. He always forgives Pip for whatever injustice Pip does to him. In the balance, the reasons we should respect Joe Gargery far outweigh the reasons why we should treat him like a foolish character and one that is not worthy of our respect.

A Clockwork Orange †Literary Response Essay Example for Free

A Clockwork Orange Literary Response EssayNadine Gordimer, South African writer and Nobel Prize winner, said that penetrating fiction doesnt dampen answers, it invites questions. This quote is accurately reflected in Anthony Burgess novel, A Clockwork Orange, in which many questions and moral values are explored. Burgess strongly believed that humans ability of election is the only factor distinguishing us between animals or machines. The two most predominant recurring themes of and questions relating to the novel involve good vs evil, and fate and promiscuous will. The novel begins with the words whats it going to be then, eh? , through which Burgess poses a literal question that ultimately leads to prime(a), and is always asked before find ones fate. This question introduces all three parts of the novel, as well as the final chapter. The repetition emphasises the symmetrical and symbolic structure of the book. It alike echoes one of the aforementioned explored themes fat e and bighearted will. The novel concludes with Alex finally deciding what its going to be, by him consciously deciding to discard his front violent and evil habits.Society and religion recur frequently in A Clockwork Orange, and each hold similar views and opinions concerning choice and good vs. evil. In bit 1, Chapter 4, Alex wonders why evil is analysed and goodness is not only universally strived for, unless accepted as the norm They dont go into the cause of goodness, so why of the other shop? Badness is of the self, the one, the you or me on our oddy knockies and that self is made by old Bog or God and is his great superciliousness and radosty.But the not-self cannot have the bad, meaning they of the government and the judges and the schools cannot allow the bad because they cannot allow the self. Here, Alex refers to society and authority as the not-self. He believes that people are natural evil, and suggests that conditioning human-kind to be good removes individualis m. The passage concludes with Alex saying, I do what I do because I like to do, which is almost animalistic in the sense that his action depends solely on desire, impulse and instinct.In Part 2, Chapter 3, the questioning of fate and bountiful will is asked yet again, from the perspective of Christianity. The chaplain refers to the Reclamation sermon a physiologically imposed behavioural modification that would render the incapability of performing evil deeds which Alex is to undergo. He asks Alex if God wants goodness or the choice of goodness. (Is a man who chooses the bad perhaps in some way better than a man who has the good imposed upon him? It is interesting that the questioning of free will is articulated by the novels religious figure, and that this time, it does not come from Alex himself, but is rather asked of him.The chaplain wonders if good acts are morally valueless if performed without free will, and if forced benevolence is in fact more evil than sin itself. Alth ough he rhetorically directs this to Alex, he is essentially asking the lectors opinion, because it is indicated in previous chapters that Alex disagrees with the conditioning of goodness.The question is left open-ended and unresolved for the reader to interpret. Thus, rather than being didactic, penetrating fiction does solicit more questions than it answers. It allows the reader to draw his or her own conclusions, rather than enforcing a particular point of view. In A Clockwork Orange, this is true in a number of ways (as demonstrated), but most powerfully in terms of the constantly revisited themes good vs. evil, and fate and free will.

Steps of the Communication Process

Steps of the converse ProcessQuestion 11.0 cosmosThe chat process made of a message being sent and perceived by the others. The message whitethorn be communicatory or non-verbal. discourse means talking, making friends, interacting with people, having relationships either private life relationships or work related. Communicating with others is essential in jumper lead a normal life. We completely channelize in our own demeanor but we need to learn how to do it in effect(p)ly. Communication has two types, there is verbal communicating and non verbal communication. The verbal is includes unwritten communication mean that with words and writing. Example, a lecturer writing at the whiteboard and speaking at the class, and the students atomic number 18 writing what the lecturer spoke push through and read what lecturer wrote out. Second, non-verbal communication is without words mean that is expressive demeanours and soundbox language/ embody signal. Examples, a boy kiss a girl to fork up the girl that he love her. The communication process is the guide toward realizing effective communication. It is through the communication process that the sharing of a common meaning amidst the sender and the receiver rents place. Individuals that follow the communication process will have the opportunity to become more than harvest-timeive in every aspect of their profession. telling communication leads to interpreting. The communication process is made up of four key comp one(a)nts. Those components include encoding, medium of transmission, decoding, and feedback. There argon similarly two other factors in the process, and those two factors are present in the form of the sender and the receiver. The communication process begins with the sender and ends with the receiver. When encoding a message, the sender has to begin by decision making what he/she wants to transmit. This decision by the sender is based on what he/she believes to the highest degree the receivers hunchledge and assumptions, along with what additional information he/she wants the receiver to have. It is weighty for the sender to use symbols that are familiar to the intended receiver. A good way for the sender to improve encoding their message, is to mentally visualize the communication from the receivers school principal of view.1.1 Types of CommunicationCommunication substructure occur via various processes and methods and depending on the channel used and the style of communication there can be various types of communication.1.1.1 verbal communicationVerbal communication is divided into written and oral communication. The oral communication refers to speaking words in the communication process. Oral communication can be face-to-face communication or a conversation over the phone or on the Messenger chat over the Internet. mouth conversations or dialogs are affecting by voice modulation, volume and even the speed and clarity of speaking. The Another type of verbal communication is written communication. scripted communication can be via letters, newspaper, mail, or email. The effectiveness of written communication depends on the style of writing, grammar, vocabulary used, clarity and precision of language. Below are some types of verbal communicationTypes of verbal communicationspeaking and writingreading and auditionFace to face discussionsTelephone conversations1.1.2 Non-verbal communicationNon-verbal communication is includes the body language or expressive behaviors of the psyche who is doing, which will include the body posture, overall body movements, and the hand gestures. The facial expressions are also play a major section while communication since the expressions on a persons face say a lot about his/her mood. On the other hand gestures like a handshake, wander hand to say hello or goodbye, a smile or a hug can independently convey emotions. Another example, a person want to show uncertainty will make some ehh, ahh, er mm sounds to mean that are not sure. Non verbal communication can also be in the form of pictorial representations, signboards, or even photographs, sketches and paintings.Types of non verbalfacial expression and eye behaviorgestures and posturesvocal characteristicpersonal appearancetouching behavioruse of time and spaceVerbal communication also includes the written word. Written includes emails, books, letters, magazines, newspapers, notes, faxes, announcements, commercials etc. Anything that is written is also verbal communication. Oral communication has also besides real words, mere grunts, cries, whimpers that people make. Each sound we make can be interpreted and seen as a certain language. Communicating with others is do more easy and its more easy also to understand if the two people speak the same language.1.2 Process of CommunicationChannel forte liquidators send feedback to senderSender has an idea1 6Sender transform idea into messageReceiver interprets message Speakin g Verbal2 5Receiver gets messageSender transmit message Writing Non-Verbal3 41.3 How does one check-out procedurer that the intended audience has received the compensate message?Communication is a two way process. It needs to have a sender, a receiver and a message. In enjoin to have a successful date that the intended audience has received the right message, we need to send the message clearly. The key to a great communication understands each other. We should know that when communicating, there major indicant appear some barriers. Below are some of barriers of communicationBetween people1) Difference in perception2) Incorrect filtering3) Language problems4) Poor listening5) Different emotional states6) Different background7) MisunderstandingsWithin organization1) Information overload2) Message complexity3) Message competition4) Lack of trust5) curt communication structureVery important when communicating to also listen to what the other person is saying. Communicating can be through body language, through signs or through visual representations. People have found umteen ways to communicate. The second most important way to communicate is through body language. The way we move our body and the mimics we make sends also a message, thats why we should learn how to control our body language. Below is some way to ensure that the intended audience has received the right messageSending the MessageThere are four elements involved in sending a message. First, as the sender, formulate the message intend to communicate. Next, consider possible barriers that may affect the message. This includes experience, the term will use and even feeling toward the subject or the audience. foreign barriers such as noise must also be considered. Third, encode the message, you put the message into the words you want to use. Last, clearly communicate (send) the message. Receiving The Message, there are also four elements involved in receiving a message. The audience (receiver s) will first hear and/or see the message you sent. Second, the message is affected by external barriers, if any, and the audience own internal barriers. Possible internal barriers may include the audience experience level, their understanding of the terms used, their attitude toward the material, or the way they feel about you. Third, the audience decodes the message through the use of mental images. For instance, when you say the word circus, the receiver does not see the letters that form the word. Instead, a mental image of some sort appears. Fourth, the audience interpret the message. Clearly, at this point in the process there is no way for you to determine that all of the audience received the message you intended. To determine this, you must get feedback.FeedbackFeedback, which may take several forms, provides essential information about your success in communicating the message. To get feedback, have the audience respond to oral questions and encourage them to ask questions . The audience non-verbal behaviors also provide important clues as to their understanding of the material. Facial expressions and body movements often indicate when audiences are unsure about the meaning of your message. You should be careful in accepting a yes response when you ask Do you understand? Obtain meaningful feedback by asking questions that require the audience to provide answer which indicate that they in fact do understand exactly what you intended.earshotListening is one of our most important communication skills. It is an active process of hearing and understanding that demands concentration and attention. Both you and your audience have responsibilities in the communication process. You must ensure that the learning environment is free of distractions that might interfere with the audience ability to listen. Be alert to the non-verbal behaviors of your audience. Facial expressions reveal much of what is possibility in the mind of a audience. A quizzical look indic ates some misunderstanding has occurred or a question needs to be addressed. An audience disputation slightly forward and maintaining good eye contact with you is probably interested and sincere about learning. Raised hands and relevant questions are sure signs that you are communicating effectively. Learn to determine if audiences are listening by the type of feedback they provide. Effective listening depends on motivation, and you are the prime motivator in your classroom. listening should arrive for instruction ready to learn. They should participate and ask questions as they arise. Audience must understand that they have responsibility for their own learning. This requires active listening on their part.1.4 ConclusionCommunication is a two way process. It needs to have a sender, a receiver and a message. In order to have a successful ensure that the intended audience has received the right message, we need to send the message clearly. The key to a great communication understan ds each other. We should know that when communicating, there might appear some barriers. The communication process made of a message being sent and perceived by the others. The message may be verbal or non-verbal. Communication means talking, making friends, interacting with people, having relationships either private life relationships or work related. Communicating with others is essential in leading a normal life. We all communicate in our own way but we need to learn how to do it effectively.Question 22.0 IntroductionNowadays, many youngsters and gamers who like to catch up latest home video game comfort are using and playing Play station 3, Xbox 360, Wii in their polarity as it would be exciting, high graphic and satisfy gamers needs such as following games Final Fantasy VII, Metal Gear Solid 4, Assassins opinion and more. Why many people like to play home video game console? Because the PS3, Xbox 360, Wii user can entertainment at home without go out and the main point is t he games graphic is High Density, everything in the game is very nice, lifelike, clearly. Our Company SonyZ has recently brought in Play station 4 (PS4), which is a high-tech slim home video game console with competes with Microsofts Xbox 360 and Nintendos Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles. The Play station 4 is the third home video game console produced by Sony Computer Entertainment and the successor to the PlayStation 3 as part of the PlayStation series. This product is suitable for teenagers and gamers.though there are many different types of home video game console out in the market, Play station 3 serves as an effective and high quality product due to its top-notch built-in features and functions.The redesigned, slimmer version of the PlayStation 3 (commonly referred to as the PS4 Slim and officially branded PS4) is currently the only model in production. It features an upgradeable 120 GB, 160 GB, 250 GB or 320 GB hard drive and is 33% smaller, 36% l ighter and consumes 34% (CECH-20xx) or 45% (CECH-21xx) less power than the previous model, or one third of the original PS4 model. The Cell microprocessor has moved to a 45 nm manufacturing process, which lets it run cooler and quieter than previous models, and the cooling organization has been redesigned. The RSX moved to a 40 nm process in the latest revision. The PS4 slim also includes support for CEC (more commonly referred to by its manufacturer brandings of BraviaSync, VIERA Link, EasyLink etc.) which allows control of the console over HDMI by using the TVs remote control. The PS4 Slim no longer has the main power switch like the previous PS3 models, similar to redesigned PlayStation 3 slim. verify for emulation to play PS3 titles is not present in the Slim version.This product will soon-to-be-launched. The PlayStation 3 features a slot-loading 2x speed Blu-ray Disc drive for games, Blu-ray movies, DVDs, CDs and other optical media. It was originally available with hard driv es of 20 and 60 GB (20 GB model was not available in PAL regions) but various sizes up to 320 GB have been made available since then (see model comparison). All PS3 models have user-upgradeable 2.5 SATA hard drives. The PlayStation 3 uses the Sony, Toshiba, IBM-designed Cell microprocessor as its CPU, which is made up of one 3.2 GHz PowerPC-based Power Processing Element (PPE) and eight Synergistic Processing Elements (SPEs). The eighth SPE is disabled to improve chip yields. Only six of the seven SPEs are accessible to developers as the seventh SPE is reserved by the consoles operating system. Graphics processing is handled by the NVIDIA RSX Reality Synthesizer, which can output resolutions from 480i/576i SD up to 1080p HD. The PlayStation 3 has 256 MB of XDR DRAM main memory and 256 MB of GDDR3 video memory for the RSX.The system has Bluetooth 2.0 (with support for up to 7 bluetooth devices), gigabit Ethernet, USB 2.0 and HDMI 1.4built in on all currently exile models. Wi-Fi netw orking is also built-in on all but the 20 GB models, while a flash card reader (compatible with Memory Stick, SD/MMC and CompactFlash/Microdrive media) is built-in on 60 GB and CECHExx 80 GB models.2.1 How to communicate rate audience to persuade them to buy this productFirst, know our audience. Not just the demos, but what are their needs, desires, goals and more. When you know that, look at your product/service to see how it addresses those needs. Think, too, of how it does it in ways that no other competing product can. And push beyond that to think about the ways in which our product enhances their lives that may not be readily obvious to them. Now, you have the keys to developing a message that reaches the right audience and develops the right connect. And if know our audience that well, you also know where to notice them TV viewers, internet users, newspaper readers and more. That allows you to build a strategy laying out the key points or messages you want to convey and th e optimal places or ways to convey it. But whatever you do, be present and genuine in your communications. Be engaged with the audience. Reply, chat, take criticism with praise, but stay in the conversation. Thats where really start to build the connect. And also, we will use the verbal and non verbal to communicate our product to persuade target audience to buy our product. Verbal communication is divided into written and oral communication. The oral communication refers to speaking words in the communication process. Oral communication can be face-to-face communication or a conversation over the phone or on the Messenger chat over the Internet. Spoken conversations or dialogs are affecting by voice modulation, volume and even the speed and clarity of speaking. The Another type of verbal communication is written communication. Written communication can be via letters, newspaper, mail, or email. The effectiveness of written communication depends on the style of writing, grammar, voc abulary used, clarity and precision of language.2.2 ADDITIONAL BENEFITSEvery purchasers of PS 3 will have one year warranty. Consumer can send back the PS 3 to our branches if the Play station got any problem without more than one year after purchased and not include those problems such as, the Play station was soaked by water, destroyed intentionally, lost cases. If some company makes an order in more than 10030 units of Play station 3, delivery is available. The products we sold out are not refundable. Any purchased with cash, credit card and cheque are acceptable.2.3 Advertisement for this productWe advertising it by media, this means sharing information through radio, TV or Internet. Many computer users can find our product through internet. By advertising, it also includes billboards, flyers, banners, pamphlets, bus shelters and more. . withal that , our company used promotion the element of the service mix which allows the consumer know our latest product by many way of promo te, example our product has invite some artist to advertisement in TV , big poster beside the highway bridle-path to let consumer know it, radio ,newspaper ,phone magazines , upload to internet web to let consumer know our product. And also, By PR (or Public Relations), these are the people a subscriber line hires to get their message out to others (like news outlets for example) for them to carry the message to customers or potential customers. A good way to get lots of free coverage. Besides that, by email send and receive information to keep customers informed and clear, and by online chat sessions are an effective and common way to resolve customer complaints via the business web site. At last, by mail many businesses send information as advertising or announcements using postal mail.

How may the Christian faith inform the debate over euthanasia?

How may the Christian faith in mannikin the debate over mercy killing?How may the Christian faith inform the debate over euthanasia?The concept of free will is one of the defining characteristics of Christianity and therefore the ability that Christians possess to assimilate choices almost their lives is sacrosanct. It is also pertinent to none in introduction that Christians believe that death is not the end of behavior merely the beginning of life with divinity and as a consequence it tush be argued that from a Christian point of emplacement death is not to be feared. On the other hand it keister be argued that it may be better to die in peace and with dignity than to live with terrible pain which is carely to transfer in the form of extreme anxiety to your friends and relatives.It is submitted that in order for euthanasia to take place it is necessary to engage the assistance of a third party. This is the fundamental difference mingled with euthanasia and suicide. One essential problem with this, in terms of Christianity in position, is that the sick individual may not have the right to ask other person to help take his or her life. The 6th commandment is straightforward Thou shall not kill.On the strength of this first touch analysis euthanasia appears to contradict the Christian faith. M any(prenominal) Christians would argue that the abject party must have faith and trust in deity and in the future that he has for him or her. The Bible informs and guides Christians as to the moral and sacred decisions they must take as they live their life. Although it is true that the Bible does not expressly state that euthanasia is wrong it does stipulate, as stated above, that thou shall not kill and another commandment sets down the district that one should sleep with ones neighbor. At first pile these fundamental rules imply that euthanasia is inauspicious to the Christian ethic.However, the rule love thy neighbour was addressed by Jesus himsel f in his wait on to the Phari experiences, the chief religious sect of the day, when He was questioned about the greatest commandment in the Law. The Pharisees had strenuously classified all the various rectitudes and accorded them relative degrees of importance and their aim was to test Jesus. His answer was glorious in its simplicityLove the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind. This is the first and greatest commandment. And the second is like it Love your neighbour as yourself. All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments.Therefore, Christianity dictates not average that we are to love our neighbour, but that we should love our neighbour as we love ourselves. It is submitted that this would appear to open the door to euthanasia on the grounds of pure Christian dogma, because there are many among us that would deal a dignified death for ourselves rather than deteriorating life in great pain. However, despite these puta tive interpretations of the words of Jesus Christ himself, the present day view of the mainstream Christian church appears to oppose help suicide in all its forms.Christianity and mercy killingThe modern majority or mainline Christian attitude to resultant role of assisted suicide is relatively straightforward. Euthanasia is contradictory. As is the case with regards to the abortion issue, most Christians would agree that it is wrong to take the life of another human. Christians believe in the sanctity of life from the moment of conception until the intervention of natural death. Something in excess of sixty passages of scripture in the Bible refer to the sanctity of life, in particular the afore tell Thou shalt not kill.Christians believe that God is the giver and taker of life. As a consequence they believe that Gods will in matters of life and death takes precedence over any desire that man may express. The fact that the so- recollected right to die movement would change law s so that doctors or relatives could directly and intentionally terminate another persons life flies in the face of this basic Christian belief in Gods authority.The Christian view is that God has endowed mankind with certain unalienable rights, and that that the first and most important of these is the right to life itself. From a Christian status all other God-given human rights are worthless, unless the right to life is held supreme.There is an argument that everyone has a right to do with their own body as they see fit, but the majority Christian view appears to be that this is not persuasive. Although euthanasia might be seen to be a private, victimless act it is not committed in a vacuum and Christians believe that the act would have far reaching spill-over effects for society at large. Given that euthanasia affords one person the mogul to engineer the death of another person it is a public matter which, in line with mainline Christian thinking, could well result in hatred and/or the steady erosion of care for the most vulnerable people.It is a Christian belief that todays society values only lusty and comfortable life and faith dictates that this is a narrow-minded attitude. Christians assert that Gods plan to make us whole is such as to command that we experience all aspects of life, from good to bad in health and in sickness, from the springtime and opportunity of youth to the austerity and trails of the winter that old age inevitably brings.Christians argue that modern medical treatments for pain reduction offer most dying patients effective relief which renders the avoidance of pain as a priming coat for mercy killing nugatory as a medical or moral argument. It is submitted that it is central to the Christian ethos that God has a reason for everything that man chiffonier experience, including pain and suffering. Christians would contend, for example that many people given time to contemplate as they ail on their deathbed have been brought cl oser to Christ, and that the experience of seeing somebody in such a position may bring the observer closer to Christ.It is a trite observation that the terminally ill and often, merely the elderly, may be concerned about becoming a burden to their family or to the greater community and those with responsibility for delivering care may come to resent the time, parkway and expense entailed in the discharge of their duty. However, the Christian perspective on this is very clear, and steels the debate on euthanasia generally. The Christian view is well articulated by Gilbert Meilaender in the following extract Learning not to resent the claims on our time and energy is likely to be the work of a lifetime. If we stock to learn the lesson, however, we cease to live in the kind of community that deserves to be called a family, and we are ill prepared to live in the community for which God has redeemed us a community in which no one stands on the basis of her rights, and all live by tha t shared love Christians call charityChristians may also contend that quality of life should not to be measured by physical health but only by a persons relationship with God. The natural inference is that sickness is an irrelevant consideration and one which should not be used as a justification for killing.Euthanasia, unlike abortion, is referred to, albeit tangentially, in the Bible. There are two such instances in the Old Testament. In Judges Abimelech pleaded with his armour-bearer to put him to death after he had been hit on the head by a mill infernal region because he did not want to suffer the shame of being killed by the woman who had dropped the stone on him. In the second reference in Samuel, Saul, the first king of Israel, asked to be put to death after he had attempted suicide stay over me and kill me I am in the throes of death, but I am still alive. So I stood over him and killed him, because I knew that after he had fallen he could not survive. The Amalekite narrat or of this story is then put to death by David, Sauls successor and the point is made that Saul had contradicted the word of God and lost the right to lead his people as a consequence. In neither instance is the notion of euthanasia treated with approval, but no circumstantial lesson is clarified.The Roman Catholic PerspectiveIt is submitted that the Roman Catholic Church opposes the practice of euthanasia. Roman Catholics apply the principle of Natural Law to assisted suicide just as they do in the case of abortion, where a similar prohibitive stance is taken. As a consequence Catholics believe that all life is correct and ordered by God and that all blushts (including episodes of great suffering) occur just as God intends.The Roman Catholic Church thus teaches that euthanasia runs contrary to Gods will on the rationale that such human intervention in the process of death is unnatural. Indeed assisted suicide is deemed to constitute a sin. The Catechism of the Catholic Church se ts down the following implacable principle Thus an act, or an omission which, of itself or by intention, causes death in a order to consume suffering constitutes a murder greatly contrary to the dignity of the human person and to the respect due to the surviving God, his Creator. The error of judgment into which one muckle fall in good faith does not change the nature of this murderous act, which must always be forbidden and excluded.This stance is softened to a small degree by the provisions made in 2278 and 2279 of the Catechism.2278 Discontinuing medical procedures that are burdensome, dangerous, extra universal, or disproportionate to the expected outcome can be licit it is the refusal of over-zealous treatment. Here one does not will to cause death ones inability to impede it is merely accepted. The decisions should be made by the patient if he is competent and able or, if not, by those legally entitled to act for the patient, whose reasonable will and legitimate interests must always be respected.2279 Even if death is thought imminent, the ordinary care owed to a sick person cannot be legitimately interrupted. The use of painkillers to alleviate the sufferings of the dying, even at the risk of shortening their eld, can be morally in conformity with human dignity if death is not willed as either an end or a means, but only foreseen and tolerated as fateful Palliative care is a special form of disinterested charity. As such it should be encouraged.However it is submitted that these provisos, while well rationalised and well founded, do not alter the fact that in terms of general principle the Catholic church stands fore square against the concept of euthanasia.Current Fears of Christianity From the Right to Die to a Duty to Die?In March 2004 Lord Joffe introduced the aid Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill into the House of Lords. The Bill aims to em place competent adults suffering a terminal illness to obtain medical assistance to die at his or her own considered and persistent communicate. In simple terms, the Bill aims to permit voluntary euthanasia in the United Kingdom.In October 2005 leading of the primary faiths of the United Kingdom sent a joint earn to both Houses of sevens in an attempt to set out their position against the legalisation of any form of euthanasia prior to a scheduled debate on the proposed Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill in the House of Lords. As indicated above, signatories to the letter included not just Christian leaders but leaders of other faiths. The Bishop of Southwark of the Church of England the Rev. Tom Butler was joined by, among others, His Eminence Archbishop Gregorios of Thyateira and Great Britain, the Chief Rabbi Sir Jonathan Sacks, Principal of the Muslim College and Chair of Muslim Law Sharia Council dude Dr M.A. Zaki Badawi, General Director of Evangelical Alliance UK Joel Edwards and the Archbishop of Cardiff of the Catholic Church in Great Britain Peter Smith. The letter stated that We, the undersigned, hold all human life to be sacred and worthy of the utmost respect and note with concern that repeated attempts are being made to persuade Parliament to change the law on intentional killing so as to allow assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia for those who are terminally ill,The central message of the letter was, as has been discussed above, that the very sick are often vulnerable and they may well feel that they are a burden to their family and friends. The signatories to the letter wanted to make the point that legalising assisted suicide and euthanasia might have the effect of putting pressure on such individuals to do the decent thing and request early death for the sake of the convenience, economic well being and happiness of those left behind. The letter warned that the so-called right to die could thus evolve subtly over time to become an unspoken duty to die in which considerations such as those described above could come to exerc ise undue mold over the decision-making process.The religious leaders argued in the alternative that the focus should be on improved palliative care, stressing that medical science is taking great strides in relieving the range of symptoms endured by those suffering from a terminal illness and emphasising the increasing sophistication of support systems for families. Moreover the letter suggested NHS reforms and innovations to buttress these developing areas.After a full debate in the House of Lords on 10 October 2005, Lord Joffe tabled a further Bill to introduce so-called physician assisted suicide. The Christian Charity CARE (Christian satisfy Research and Education) has launched a high-profile campaign, known as the Life Valued campaign, to oppose this suggested legislation.CARE Chairman Lyndon Bowring has proffered a biblical existence for the campaign. He stated We have been given a duty to be Gods stewards Its right to care for creation and even more so to care for the p innacle of his creationStand with those in Parliament who are speaking out in Gods name for the sanctity of human life.Concluding CommentsIt appears that the majority view among the modern custodians of the Christian faith, or at least the view that is most forcefully expressed, is that euthanasia is to be opposed in all its forms as contrary to the fundamental tenet of the sanctity of human life. There is a view that the rule that one must love ones neighbour as oneself can be interpreted to mean that an act to limit the suffering of another could be justified because the comparable decision might well be taken on ones own behalf and in ones own interests. Moreover the rule that thou shalt not kill, which appears to set down a clear and simple prohibition, must also be subject to contextual interpretation. If the rule is to be followed to the letter then the Christian practice of killing animals for food must be thrown into question. In the words of Jesus Thou shalt not kill any l iving thing, for life is given to all by God, and that which God has given, let not man taketh it away. However, this rule must surely be subject to caveats since even Jesus Himself fed his followers with fish. It could be argued that killing to relieve suffering is a far higher motive than killing for food, given in particular that it is possible to survive without consuming animals.Indeed the words expressed by Jesus are impossible to follow to the letter, because even plant life is living matter. We cannot eat rocks or sand and we cannot survive on thin air, therefore there simply must be room for the practical interpretation of the sixth commandment. It follows that if we can justify killing to fill our dining table, we can surely justify killing to alleviate pain and suffering, where such is motivated by vigour but love and compassion for the victim.This is a personal conclusion. Although it is one drawn direct from the stated words and actions of Jesus Christ Himself, it is c onceded that it is not the majority view of Christian church today. The principle of the sanctity of human life is one of the highest of human civilization, and it is easy to see why guardians and proponents of the Christian faith wish to pass so hard to protect it from erosion in any and all circumstances. In a perfect world this commentator would agree with this view but this is not a perfect world and there are no perfect rules at least it is submitted there are no rules perfect in application in every conceivable instance. Two thousand years ago, when Jesus delivered his teachings and the Christian faith was born, medical science was in its infancy. In those days terminal illnesses progressed at a far more rapid pace and the fraught questions that now confront twenty first century society, which has acquired the technology to hold up life over long periods, were seldom if ever posed. As a consequence, it is mayhap a pregnable exercise to seek moral or ethical guidance from t eaching and faith established in an age that predates the issue now under debate and cannot possibly accommodate it. In plain terms, the Bible is a contemporary text. It simply was not written with the issue of euthanasia, in the context of twenty first century technological progress, in mind.The foregoing analysis illustrates the depth, esthesia and difficulty of the issue of euthanasia. Such is only amplified when one considers religious perspectives, such as the Christian teachings and ethical framework discussed in this paper. The Christian faith can be applied to inform and enrich the debate on euthanasia in multifarious ways, and it can in theory be invoked with force by each opposing camp.Given the difficulty in interpreting Gods word, perhaps it is time for man to take sole responsibility for the decision, and perhaps it is mans justification, not a faith-based rationale that should prevail. That is not to say the decision should not be guided by Christian principles, the q uestion of euthanasia is one deserving of the utmost good faith and scrutiny, but perhaps mans ultimate assumption of responsibility is part of Gods overarching plan. This could be said to be the flowering of the free will that, in the Christian tradition, He gifted to us. One thing is certain it lies within Gods power to intervene to guide the debate on euthanasia to His favoured conclusion. In the face of a morally and ethically challenging issue such as assisted suicide, Christians can draw solace and sustenance from that fundamental belief.BIBLIOGRAPHYThe Bible Authorized version of King JamesEngland Faith Leaders Lobby Parliament Against Euthanasia, The Christian Post, October 10, 2005 http//www.christianpost.com/article/europe/550/section/england.faith.leaders.lobby.parliament.against.euthanasia/1.htmAssisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill HL 8 January 2004, http//www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200304/ldbills/017/2004017.htmDramatic Launch for Anti-Euthanasia Campaign , Christian Action Research and Education, 29 November 2005 http//www.care.org.uk/Publisher/Article.aspx?id=31154.Catechism of the Catholic Church http//www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/ccc_toc.htmPro-Abortion Madness The abortion lobby has abandoned its rationales amid pro-life gains, Ted Olsen, Christianity Today, September 2004, Vol. 48, No. 9, rogue 82.Christian Thinking About Advance Medical Directives, Meilaender, G, Christian Century 113 S 11-18 1996 854-857.

Spring Oscillation to Find the Spring Constant

Spring Oscillation to Find the Spring ConstantTitle Using a organize oscillation to decree the spring constant.The aim of my describe is to find the K (spring constant) by measuring the time of 10 complete oscillations with the range of mass of 0.05kg up to 0.3kg. It was been demonstrated by the lecturer and also the pursuance instruction that Ive been given.This experiment will show and prove that with this method, we usher out calculate the spring constant by utilise the following formula,In the meantime, well be experience that we can get to find the spring constant, k, through this type method.What is a spring constant?Spring constant is a measure of stiffness or the ability to resist displacement under a load. It is denoted by K whereThe SI unit for the spring constantNm-1The spring constant tells u that it is the ratio of change of motor with respect of deflection. So in other words, it is directly proportional to each other.The spring constant can also be known as the soldiery constant. It is a measure of the elasticity of the spring. In theory, the more its elastic entertain, the more the force you will need to act to ex exd the spring.For example, a short spring has a higher spring constant than that of a long spring IF the other aspects or characteristics of it be the same or equal (thickness, material).It will take you 10N to extend a short spring with 1cm.To extend the long spring by the same amount, it would take less force, maybe 5N for example.Introduction on Hookes LawHookes law is the law of elasticity that was founded by the English scientist, Robert Hooke in the early 1660. It states that the extension or compression of a spring is directly proportional to the force exerted upon it.Sometimes Hookes law is formulated asF=kx where as in this expressionFis no longer the applied force but it was the equal and oppositely directed restoring force that causes elastic materials like springs to return to their original forms.The law can also be expressed as the ratio of stress and strain. Stress is the force on unit areas within a material that develops as a result of the externally applied force while strain is the relative deformation produced by stress. For relatively small stresses, stress is proportional to strain. For particular expressions of Hookes law in this form, see great deal modulus shear modulus Youngs modulus.Diagram of the apparatus usedClear Description of the Method UsedAs can be seen from the previous page, these are the description of the method by using the apparatus from the picture and as prepared by the lecturer.At first, set up the apparatus which demonstrated by the lecturer.Hang the first mass on the spring.Allow the mass to oscillate up and down with a small amplitude and measure the time for ten complete oscillations.Calculate the average from both of the times sets.Find the time period T by dividing the average time by 10Repeat all of the measuring of time by 5 more times with differ ent masses which are from 0.05g.Make a table regarding the results that you analysed. selective information Analysis TableGraph of T (y-axis) against m (x-axis)Analysis DiscussionThe first thing that needed to do is get all the information of the data that Ive collected from this experiment using the method and Hookes Law. Next step, all the result data were then arranged in a Microsoft Excel, which is to be completed by using the table.With the results that Ive got from the method to measure k (speed constant) and for e very(prenominal) each of the value from the Blue dots, (from the graph) was accurate enough to its original value. Although, nigh of my value are in the range of 2 N/m, it is acceptable.GradientTo find the gradient of the graph, firstly, we need two particular points which included 2 values from x-axis and 2 more values from y-axis.The formula to find gradient is The equation of a line is For example, these values are from the graph (0.06, 0.06) (0.29, 0.46)SU BSTITUTE = 1.74 (value of my gradient) (look at my graph) so it links with the equation of a line which is,Like this,Therefore the gradient is,Thus, substitute the following gradient value with this to find k.Value of k (speed constant)decision the value of k, from the equation,The gradient that I found is 1.74N/m. Substitute it into the following gradient formula,Total value of k = 22.7NmPercentage Difference(My total original value of spring constant divided by the value of spring constant)Multiply by 100. 100 = 60.3%Accuracy and reliabilityFirst thing that we should know is that the spring constant is depended on the displacement under a load. So by the result that I have calculated with the method and the formula given to find T from the lecturer is not accurate as we would expected because of the formula that we should use is .The required unit for spring constant value is the acceleration of the unloose fall gravity and the displacement of the spring. Even though we can find the constant K by using the method from our lecturer, it will not be as accurate as the one with the formula , and with measuring time theres a lot of miss accurate because of the possibility of humans error.We can also substitute into , however there is no value given for the length or displacement of the springs given, thus, giving us more uncertainties error. chin wagReasons for UncertaintiesAmplitude is different from each of the results causing it not to be precise.The disability of finding the missing length of the spring which is not constructed by the lecturer is very important to find the spring constant.Spring constant cannot be invented because as the number of how much weight or force that we need to apply to assimilate the spring extended by 1 metre and based on the spring function.Due to the human error, the reaction of calculating time of the stopwatch will never be accurate.The measurement of an angle from working out the oscillation is inaccurate.Improvemen t for UncertaintiesFirstly, we need the value of the spring length which will be easier to be calculated and comparing the percentage difference between the method that Ive used and the one with this improvement.If there is a modern technology that can be invented that can measure the length of the spring when they stretch and to determine the time of oscillation with the creation of lasers to determine the period for each oscillation.Need an instrument that can hold the pendulum before and after the 10 complete oscillations so that every each of the oscillation within both period (time and time 2) will be measured accurately.In my honest opinion, the more accurate method to find the spring constant is to measure the springs displacement rather than using time as the unit to find k, spring constant, so we can now substitute the one we got previously to the formula Referencing ListsBray, A. Barbato, G. Levi, R. (1990). Theory and Practise of core Measurement. SanDiego Academic Press Limited. 52-53.Hosch, W.L. (2006). Hookes law Retrieved from http//www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/271336/Hookes-lawIris. (2009). what is spring constant? Retrieved from http//answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090902015640AAmDuLnKeller, J.F. (1993). Physics Classical and Modern (2nd ed.). McGraw-hill Inc. 331-350.

Argument Against Smoking :: Papers Nicotine Tobbacco Argumentative Essays

Expensive highs, expensive addictions, smoking is a worthless habit. Nicotine, like so many other harmful substances, is a drug. They study the power to simulate how you feel about yourself and those around you. It takes full control of your body, like your brain has been infected by tar. The three main groups of drugs are legal, illegal and medicinal. Legal and illegal, what is the expiration in todays world? Smoking causes fatal hazards and I believe as a consequence, should be made illegal. Smoking is a legal drug worldwide, however, lately many countries such as America and the UK are beginning to realise the affects of another kind of smoking, Passive smoking. Many areas in both countries have restrictions as to where you may smoke. This is a huge step in the right direction. Imagine that there were no restrictions simply no smoking at all wherefore should many be forced to smoke through the selfish addiction of another? It is our job to take action and inform the country of this silent but deadly killer. Why do people turn their bodies into dilapidated factories with airways of tar and destruction? The answer is Nicotine. Tobacco is both a stimulant, a substance that speeds up the body and a depressant, a substance that slows down the body. The stimulant used in tobacco is Nicotine. This is an addictive drug, which causes havoc within the smokers body. The body doesnt just get hold used to the drug but it then depends on it to function normally. Between cigarettes the smoker becomes jittery, irritable and anxious. Nicotine makes your heart beat at nearly twice its weak rate and forces your exhausted, oxygen starved body to work twice as hard. Why put your body through so much torture? Nicotine change your mind and blocks the crucial nerve signals in the brain. In this way, Nicotine has the same affect as the illegal drugs including heroin, LSD and cannabis. In a recent survey cigarettes have been seen to contain double the amount of chemicals that they should legally be, many of which contain